Clouds rest is supposed to be good and is more vertical than Half Dome if we started in the valley, but we may still need a permit because you start at the same trail head. There is another trailhead option though.
http://www.yelp.com/biz/clouds-rest-yosemite
Another option in Yosemite is to head to Tuolumne Meadows which is generally easier to book. This is the higher section of the park since it is near Tioga Pass (10,000 ft). One hike/scramble is Mt. Conness - Tops out at 12649 ft. So almost 4000 ft higher than half dome. I don't know the exact stats on the hike. I think the lead in is much flatter with then a longer rock strewn scamble to the top. Disclaimer: Have not done this.
Other options:
1) Tahoe - Mt. Tallac - About 3300ft. of vertical, maybe 10 miles round trip - Some of the best views of Lake Tahoe Basin. This is the most prominent peak you see on the Southwest side of the lake.
2) Other Eastern Sierra options exist as well. Mt. Whitney requires advance planning - same permit issue, but there are lesser peaks that offer plenty of challenge, views and vertical. Longer drive from Bay area though.